R.M.W. Dixon. 1997. The rise and fall
of languages. CUP. * refers to the
paper's
1984 predecessor
R.M.W. Dixon. 2002. Australian languages.
CUP.
supporting equilibrium <<50% :
Harvey, Mark. 1997. The temporal interpretation of
linguistic diversity in the Top End, pp.179-185 in Archaeology
and Linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in Global Perspective,
edited by Patrick McConvell & Nicholas Evans. Melbourne:
OUP. * 'The importance of death taboos and diffusion' *
pp.181-185 cites the 1984 predecessor, including: "Therefore I
would agree with Alpher and Nash that the presently available
evidence does not support the proposal that death taboos play
a significant role in patterns of lexical replacement."
(p.182)
Evans, Nicholas. 2005. Australian languages reconsidered: a
review of Dixon (2002). Oceanic
Linguistics 44.1, 242-286.
"The oft-repeated opinion that vocabulary changes rapidly in
Australian languages, because a taboo on pronouncing the name
of a deceased person drives lexemes out of use is shown to be
false by Alpher and Nash (1999)." p.791 of Johanna Nichols and
Tandy Warnow. 2008. Tutorial on computational linguistic
phylogeny. Language and Linguistics Compass
2.5,760-820. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00082.x
* also for test list, p.765
Mansfield, John. 2022. Sociolinguistic variation in
Australian Indigenous languages. To appear in Claire Bowern
(ed.), Oxford handbook of Australian languages, 25pp.
SocArXiv. doi:10.31235/osf.io/efkyxhttp://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/efkyx
* p3n7
supporting application of lexicostatistics:
Peter Sutton. 2003. Native
Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective.
CUP. p.163
for 'correspondence mimicry':
Nicholas Evans. 1998. Iwaidja mutation and its origins, pp.
115-149 in Case, typology, and grammar. In honor of Barry
J. Blake, ed. by Anna Siewierska & Jae Jung Song.
(Typological Studies in Language 38) Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
Nicholas Evans "that multilingual speakers of Aboriginal
languages are often highly aware of sound correspondences
between the languages they speak", p174n11 in 'Doubled up all
over again: borrowing, sound change and reduplication in
Iwaidja', Morphology 19.2 (October
2009),159-176. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-009-9139-4
page 397 of Owen Edwards. 2021. Rote-Meto Comparative
Dictionary. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, Australian
National University Press. http://doi.org/10.22459/RMCD.2021
Slaska, Natalia. 2005. Lexicostatistics away from the
armchair: handling people, props and problems. Transactions of the
Philological Society 103.2,221–242. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.2005.00152.x
* p.227
April and Robert McMahon. 2005. Language classification by numbers, OUP;
also in their 'Keeping contact in the
family: approaches to language classification and
contact-induced change' in Matras,
A.
McMahon & Vincent 2006:68.
Nichols and Warnow (2008:765) (see above)
Syrjänen, Kaj, Terhi Honkola, Kalle Korhonen, Jyri Lehtinen,
Outi Vesakoski, and Niklas Wahlberg. 2013. Shedding more light
on language classification using basic vocabularies and
phylogenetic methods: A case study of Uralic. Diachronica
30.3(January),323-352. DOI: 10.1075/dia.30.3.02syr *
p331n7
van Egmond, Marie-Elaine & Brett Baker. 2020. The
genetic position of Anindilyakwa. Australian Journal of
Linguistics 40.4,492-527 Published online 30 Mar 2021 https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2020.1848796
* lists in Appendix 1 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4045329)
supporting doubt about high rates of borrowing
Croft, William. 2020. English as a lingua franca in the
context of a sociolinguistic typology of contact languages,
chap. 2, pages 44–74 in Anna Mauranen & Svetlana
Vetchinnikova (eds) Language change: The impact of English
as a lingua franca. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ldsCEAAAQBAJ
* pp53-54 'Although some have claimed more extensive borrowing
in small-scale (low-population) societies, surveys of
borrowing patterns indicate this is not the case (Alpher &
Nash 1999; Bowern et al. 2011)'
McConvell, Patrick. 2020. The spread of Pama-Nyungan in
Australia, pp. 422–462 in The language of hunter-gatherers.
Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781139026208.017
Urban, Matthias. 2021. The geography and development of
language isolates. Royal Society Open Science 8:
202232. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202232
* p12 "But there is possible sociolinguistic influence on
communicative behaviour—as when e.g. Australian languages are
said to reach a ‘cognate equilibrium’"
Boris Lefilliâtre. 2021. Quand une abréviation tient deux
fers au feu: l'euphémisme et le dysphémisme générés par
troncation en anglais contemporain (à partir de 1850). Page
256 'car le tabou d’une forme comme le nom d’un défunt peut
l’être seulement temporairement' Linguistique. Université de
̈Poitiers. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03596839
Riho Grünthal, Volker Heyd, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha A.
Janhunen, Olesya Khanina, Matti Miestamo, Johanna Nichols,
Janne Saarikivi1, Kaius Sinnemäki. 2022. Drastic demographic
events triggered the Uralic spread. Diachronicahttps://doi.org/10.1075/dia.20038.gru
* p.22: whether Pama-Nyungan languages have few inherited
lexical roots
Charles, Lazaro & Dunlop Ochieng. 2023. Mapping the
distribution of euphemisms across taboo themes in Swahili. Journal
of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies (JLLLS)
3.2,62-71 https://doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v3i2.439
* p.62 "Euphemisms have also been linked with language
dynamism and change"
Dunn, Michael. 2024.The Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages,
Chapter 11 in The languages and linguistics of morthern
Asia. Volume 1: Language Families, edited by: Edward
Vajda. De Gruyter Mouton https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110556216
added references
Banks' vocabulary (p.11) is in NLA Call Number M686 microfilm
reel, National Library of Australia.
Sorensen, Arthur P. 1967. Multilingualism in the northwest
Amazon. American Anthropologist 69,670-684.
substitute for Alpher 1997 reference: Alpher, Barry. 2002. Can
lexicostatistics contribute an absolute time-scale to
discussions of continuity of occupation in Native Title
determinations?, pp.245-258 in Linguistics
and Native Title, ed. by John Henderson & David
Nash. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, Native Title Research
Series, AIATSIS.
Harvey, Mark. 1997. The temporal interpretation of linguistic
diversity in the Top End, pp.179-185 in Archaeology and
linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective,
edited by Patrick McConvell & Nicholas Evans. Melbourne:
OUP. * pp.180-1 questions Dixon (1980)'s claim of 40%-60%
equilibrium level
related references
Elmendorf, William W. 1970. Word tabu and change rates: tests
of a hypothesis, pp.74–85 in Earl H Swanson (ed.), Languages
and cultures of western North America: Essays in honor of Sven
S. Liljeblad. Pocatello: Idaho State University Press. https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/25841618
* about situation of Columbia-BellaCoola 12%, Twana-BellaCoola
15%, Columbia-Twana 19% on Swadesh list
Keesing, Roger M. and Jonathan Fifi'i. 1969. Kwaio word
tabooing in its cultural context. Journal of the Polynesian Society 78:154-177.
Simons, Gary F. 1982. Word taboo and comparative Austronesian
linguistics (Solomon Islands). A paper presented at the Third
International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Denpasar,
Bali, Indonesia. 19-24 January 1981. 61pp. SIL microfiche
82-0005. Pacific Linguistics
C-76:157-226.
errata
substantive
Kuuk-Yak (as on Fig. 3 p.18) is shown as a close sister-dialect of
Kuuk-Thaayorre. That is a lexicostatistical result (only). On the
basis of innovations, Kuuk-Yak decends directly from the root of the
tree.
typographical errors
p.12, n8, line 4: for 'and g' read 'and q'
p.17, Fig. 2 caption: add 'Ktj (Kurrtjar)'
p.17, Fig. 2: add 'HR' directly south of 'AL'
p.21n10: for 'Adnyathamathanha' read 'Adnyamathanha'
p.33: delete final parenthesis ) at end of middle paragraph
p.35, note 25: for 'disyllabic forms of the root alternating with
disyllabic ones' read 'monosyllabic forms of the root alternating
with disyllabic ones'
p.40, line 5: for 'Oy-ka-ngand' read 'Oykangand'
p.43, second-last par: for 'cloumn' read 'column'
p.45: 'Galali' in the Table is the same as 'Garlali' at the bottom
of the page
p.45, in Table 7: for 'Wankumara' read 'Wangkumara' (twice)
p.46, line 17 up: for 'some which' read 'some of which'
p.47, line 3: for "the OGVV's" read "OGVV's"
p.49: move last two lines from Alpher 1997 reference to Alpher 1990
reference, and add 'Draft.' to Alpher 1997 reference.
p.51: in Nash 1982, for 'kurdungurtu' read 'kurdungurlu'
p.53: for 'Barr' read 'Barry'
p.53, Appendix title: for 'Lexicostatical' read 'Lexicostatistical'
p.54, in both lists: add "H71" after "leaf" (item 47.)
p.55, in both lists: change "B20" to "B22" after "spear (n.)" (item
77.)
cosmetic
p.22, Table 1: row 5, 120 wd, YY and YTh: '8' and '4' should be
right-aligned
p.12, line 23 and note 9: 'ch'; p.24, last line: 'wangal' -
should be plain italic rather than underlined
p.19, mid: for "Ogrady" read "O'Grady"
p.40, line 8: for 'none the less' read 'nonetheless'
p.49: italicise book title (twice) Boundary Rider: essays in
honour of Geoffrey O'Grady
We estimate the degree to which languages resort to borrowing as a
means of lexical replacement, within a group of neighbouring
languages of southwestern Cape York Peninsula, using several
methods: (1) sound correspondences and correspondence mimicry; (2)
the proportion of "local" words in single language lists; and (3)
the creation of the vocabulary of special registers. We find that
borrowing accounts for at most half of lexical replacement in these
languages, and most usually is well below half. We demonstrate that
this rate is crucial in the prediction of what fraction of
vocabulary might in the long term be common to two neighbouring
languages (the 'equilibrium percentage') in a model of lexical
similarity that does not distinguish borrowings from common
retentions. We then apply these findings to the case study, and
compare the methods of lexicostatistical subgrouping (with and
without recognition of loans), to results from classification by
classic means. We find substantial agreement, and that the effect of
"borrowing to equilibrium" on lexicostatistical subgrouping is
tolerably small.