The School of Life Sciences comprises three Divisions: the Division of
Botany and Zoology, the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
and the Division of Psychology.
Under separate headings there follow descriptions of the disciplines represented by the Divisions of Botany and Zoology and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, outlines of the courses available and details of the units offered in those Divisions. The description of the Division of Psychology and its offerings are in a separate Handbook entry under the heading Psychology.
Division of Botany and Zoology
A. Cockburn, BSc PhD Monash
Professor and Head of Division
Botany and Zoology include every aspect of the scientific study of plants and animals, from simple single-celled protists to complex multicellular organisms, including humans. By combining experimental and descriptive approaches, the disciplines examine the form and function of the organisms, their relationships with the physical environment, their individual development, their evolutionary development and classification, interactions between species (including symbiosis and parasitism) and the genetic basis of all life forms. The study of plants and animals in the field is encouraged as a foundation for familiarity with the diversity of organisms and as the basis for asking new questions and seeking new answers in biology.
Modern biology is not a soft science. There is a growing dependence on sophisticated instruments and methods for measurement and analysis. There is ever increasing use of computers and microprocessors in the conduct of experiments and the modelling of complex systems. Hence, it is preferable for students intending to study biology to have a background in chemistry, physics and mathematics, as well as an ability to communicate well.
The chief research interests of the Division can be grouped into four overlapping areas:
(1) Population and Community Ecology: population biology of alpine and rainforest plants; ecology of fungi; ecology of alpine mammals, bats and birds; ecology of plant-animal interactions; ecology of microbes and parasites; biological control of pest populations; population ecology and management of fish; physiological regulation of feeding in insects; physiological ecology of marine mammals and reptiles; conservation biology.
(2) Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology: evolution of mating systems and social behaviour in birds, mammals and arthropods; cooperative breeding in birds; parental investment in birds, mammals and plants; reproduction, mating systems and pollination of plants; mechanisms of speciation; evolution of virilence.
(3) Biosystematics: taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of the Australian biota, particularly insects, spiders, nematodes, onycophorans and flowering plants; regulation and maintenance of biodiversity.
(4) Functional Botany: plant ecophysiology, especially photosynthetic responses; effects of ultraviolet radiation on plant performance; plant development; biological control of root fungus by bacteria using genetic methods; water relations in plants; toxic compounds in cassava and taro.
The pass degree
Students who wish to take biology beyond first year are encouraged to take most or all of the first year Group A units offered by the School of Life Sciences, together with chemistry and mathematics-based units. Virtually all units in the streams identified below are available to students with that background.
At the second and third year level, students have the option of beginning to specialise or keeping a broad base. Streams in Neuroscience, Botany and Zoology, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry are offered (see lists of units below) which generally reflect the research interests of staff in this Division and the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Assessment: The methods of assessment for units offered by this Division will be discussed with classes at the beginning of each semester. They generally involve a combination of laboratory reports, examinations, essays and project reports.
Distinguished Scholar Program
In addition to the offerings mentioned in this Handbook, outstanding undergraduate students may be invited to participate in special tailor-made educational programs which extend and develop their special interests. Further information on the distinguished scholar program may be found in the introductory section of the Faculty of Science in this Handbook.
The degree with honours
Undergraduates who have done well enough in their work for a pass degree may be admitted to the course for honours.
The full-time course of ten months consists of (a) a research component in which the student independently but under close supervision, carries out a research project and presents a short thesis, and (b) a course component which includes written assignments and participation in workshop meetings and seminars.
The research project and thesis comprise the major component of the overall assessment.
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
K. Kirk, BSc PhD Syd, MA DPhil Oxf
Professor and Head of Division
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology involve the study of the molecular components and processes that together form the basis of life. This is an exciting and fast-moving field that impacts on many aspects of modern society.
The Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology within the School of Life Sciences is active both in research and in undergraduate and graduate teaching. The undergraduate units offered by the Division deal with biology at a molecular and cellular level. They emphasise those themes that are common to all living organisms and that underlie their diversity. They also consider the specialisation of structure and function that distinguishes particular organisms or particular tissues at the cellular and molecular level. The units aim to provide a detailed coverage of modern biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, genetics, microbiology, immunology and parasitology as fundamental biological sciences that will equip graduates for the widest possible choice of careers in biological and medical research, biotechnology, agriculture, clinical science, nutrition, food manufacture, the pharmaceutical industry, science teaching and science-based areas in private industry or the public service.
The majority of research interests in the Division are focused in three major, overlapping areas:
(1) Membrane Biology
Current research projects in this area include: molecular biology of ion and metabolite transport across plant cell membranes; interaction between nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms and host plants through the peribacteroid membrane; sulphate transporters in plants and cyanobacteria; amino acid transport in mammalian cells; volume-sensitive channels and transporters in animal cells; nutrient and ion transport in the malaria-infected red blood cell; regulation of mitochondrial and chloroplastic protein synthesis in plants; osmoregulation in parasitic protozoa; hormonal control of intracellular calcium in normal and aberrant cells; antigen-specific receptors on T lymphocytes.
(2) Infection and Immunity
Current research projects in this area include: molecular characterisation of virulence determinants of enterobacteria and their role in pathogenesis and vaccine development; cellular immune response to heterologous antigens expressed in attenuated Salmonella spp; development of oral vaccine for shigellosis; molecular genetics and replication of mosquito-transmitted viruses; molecular pathogenesis of Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus; ion channels of alphaviruses and flaviviruses; oncogenesis induced by T cell-tropic retroviruses; dendritic cell ontogeny and differentiation; strategies for immunotherapy using dendritic cells; unique genes and receptors expressed by T cell precursors; cytokine gene regulation; regulation of cellular gene expression by viral proteins; regulation of gene transcription.
(3) Parasitology
Current research projects in this area include: molecular basis of malarial pathology; immune responses to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection and malaria; identification of novel antiparasitic agents; cell physiology of parasitic protozoa; function and metabolism of trehalose in nematode worms; reverse genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans to discover new drug targets; glycogen metabolism in parasitic trichomonads.
Other research projects carried out in the Division include: the ecology and adaptive strategies of cyanobacteria and bioactive secondary metabolites of cynobacteria.
In addition, the Division has collaborative links to the extensive research in neuroscience in the Institute of Advanced Studies, permitting it to offer a unique undergraduate and honours program in neuroscience.
The Division is closely associated with the Vertebrate Biocontrol Centre, an Australian Government Cooperative Research Centre, the aim of which is to reduce the impact of Australia’s feral pests by controlling their reproduction. Joint research involves the identification, isolation and cloning of reproductive genes, interaction between viruses and the immune system, the involvement of cytokines in immune presentation and the construction of viral and other delivery systems for vaccines.
For further information on the research and teaching activities of the Division please consult our Website http://www.anu.edu.au/bambi/.
The pass degree
Students who wish to study Biology beyond first year are encouraged to take most or all of the first year Group A units offered by the School of Life Sciences, together with chemistry and mathematics-based units. Virtually all units in the streams identified below are available to students with that background.
At the second and third year level, students have the option of beginning to specialise or keeping a broad base. The areas of specialisation that the Division covers in addition to its core courses in Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology — Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, Cell Physiology — can be combined, in various ways, to produce courses with a particular professional emphasis or to complement more advanced study at second and third year level in areas of biology covered by the Division of Botany and Zoology and the Department of Chemistry.
Assessment: The methods of assessment for units offered by this Division will be discussed with classes at the beginning of each semester. They generally involve a combination of laboratory reports, examinations, essays and project reports.
Distinguished Scholar Program
In addition to the offerings mentioned in this Handbook, outstanding undergraduate students may be invited to participate in special tailor-made educational programs which extend and develop their special interests. Further information on the distinguished scholar program may be found in the introductory section of the Faculty of Science in this Handbook.
The degree with honours
Students who have attained a sufficient standard in the course for the pass degree (generally a total of six second and third year semester units related to the proposed field of study for which a result of Credit or better has been obtained) may be admitted to an honours year. In this fourth year of the course they will be engaged in individual laboratory projects under supervision of academic staff belonging to or approved by the Division. The course also includes the preparation of written work not directly related to the laboratory project (a literature survey, essay or research proposal) and the presentation of seminars and oral contributions to symposia and colloquia. Students will be required to submit a substantial written report describing their laboratory investigations.
Division of Psychology
J. C. Turner, BA Sussex, PhD Bristol, FASSA
Professor and Head of Division
For details, see entry headed Psychology.
First year (Group A) units offered by the Divisions of Botany and Zoology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Origins & Diversity of Life BIOL1001
(6cp) Group A
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: Nil
Convener: Dr Ash
Syllabus: This unit serves as an entry point to the study of plants and animals and covers many related topics concerned with the diversity, evolution and characteristics of organisms from cells to prokaryotes to lower chordates. The unit is divided into five topics:
1. A History of Life. Includes a brief introduction to living organisms, classification and the taxonomic principles involved, and the evolutionary history of life on earth.
2. The Biology of Simple Organisms. Using an evolutionary approach, covers the structure, function and reproduction of prokaryotes, protists and fungi.
3. The Biology of Plants. Traces the evolutionary adaptations believed responsible for the colonisation of the land by plants. Surveys the major plant groups and in particular concentrates on the structure, function, development, reproduction and behaviour of flowering plants.
4. The Biology of Invertebrates. Traces the development of structure in the major invertebrate groups, including the evolution of body cavities and their functional significance. Colonisation of the land and associated adaptive features are considered in relation to morphology, behaviour, physiology, reproduction and life cycles. The lower chordates will be discussed as a link to BIOL1002 Humans and Vertebrates.
5. Introduction to Cell Biology.
Humans and Vertebrates BIOL1002
(6cp) Group A
Second semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: Nil
Convener: Dr Foley
Syllabus: A comparative study of the anatomy, physiology and evolution of vertebrates. Topics discussed include vertebrate phylogeny, the physiology of vertebrates and humans, and the evolution of humans and primates. The unit is suitable, together with BIOL1003 Evolution, Ecology and Heredity, for students continuing in comparative vertebrate zoology, or for students requiring a single year course in biology.
Evolution, Ecology and Heredity BIOL1003
(6cp) Group A
First semester
Three lectures and two hours of tutorial work per week
Prerequisite: Nil
Convener: Professor Cockburn
Syllabus: The following topics will be introduced. How is life defined and classified? The major forms of life. The theory of natural selection. Adaptation and fitness. Chromosomes, genes and patterns of inheritance. Speciation, radiation and macroevolution. Animal behaviour. The ecology of populations, communities and ecosystems. Ecology, genetics and society.
Note for students studying ecology and genetics in second year. BIOL1001 or BIOL1003, plus STAT1003 are prerequisites for second year ecology courses. BIOL1004 plus CHEM1011(NB. Chemistry prerequisites for some units will change for the year 2000) are prerequisites for second year molecular biology and are also strongly advised for second year genetics and physiology. Refer to the specific handbook entries for further details of later-year prerequisites.
Cellular and Molecular Biology BIOL1004
(6cp) Group A
Second semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work per week
Prerequisite: CHEM1014 or CHEM1011 (not offered from1999). Students are strongly advised to have completed BIOL1001 before attempting this unit.
Convener: Dr Janssens
Syllabus: Cell structure and function including the evolution of cells, the chemicals of life, cell compartments and organelles, membrane structure and transport, enzymes, motility, cell communication and the cell cycle. Molecular nature of genes and their expression, including nucleic acid structure, replication, transcription and translation, genes and their regulation and recombinant DNA technology. Development, from fertilisation onwards, regulatory processes, including genetic regulation.
B and C units offered by the Divisions of Botany and Zoology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
General information. Students intending to enrol in third year units in biochemistry and molecular biology should ensure that they have satisfied the appropriate second year prerequisites (in most cases, BIOL2061 and BIOL2072).
The Neuroscience Stream
See also BIOL2015 Vertebrate Physiology
Biological Basis of Behaviour PSYC2007
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: PSYC1001 or 36 Group A Science credit points
Convener: Dr Brinkman
Syllabus: An introduction to neuroscience and the physiological processes underlying behaviour. Topics to be covered will include: general organisation, evolution and development of the central nervous system; nerves and nerve cells; impulse generation and propagation; muscle contraction; organisation of the sensory systems; vision, hearing and somesthesia; the control of movement; organisation and function of the cerebral cortex; higher cortical functions. While basic physiological principles will form part of the material to be presented, the emphasis will be on the relation between central nervous system function and behaviour.
Physiology of the Nervous System BIOL3001
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: Biology B02 or BIOL2015 or BIOL2074
A quota may be placed on enrolments for this unit
Convener: Dr Martin
Syllabus: Details of voltage-dependent ionic currents; passive membrane properties; factors affecting conduction of action potentials; learning and memory in invertebrates and learning and memory in vertebrates; sensory neurophysiology; vision; muscle neurophysiology; motorcontrol; special systems, including control of respiration and the heart.
Issues in Behavioural Neuroscience PSYC3016
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Offered in 1999 and alternate years
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory/tutorial work a week
Convener: Dr Brinkman
Prerequisite: PSYC2007 and either PSYC2008 or PSYC3015; or BIOL2015 or BIOL3001
Syllabus: The course involves the study of experimental evidence, theoretical background and future trends in areas of major importance in behavioural neuroscience, such as higher cortical functions, neurotransmitters, memory and learning, vision and visuomotor control, and others. Blocks of lectures on each topic will be coupled with tutorials, discussions of recent articles and laboratory experiments.
Advanced Topics in Neuroscience BIOL3004
(8cp) Group C
Advanced Topics in Neuroscience BIOL3005
(8cp) Group C
Under these codes, topics may be offered from time to time for the special needs of particular students or group of students. They will be taught at a third year honours level. Entry will be at the discretion of the Head of Division.
The Zoology and Botany Stream
See also BIOL3001 Physiology of the Nervous System
Invertebrate Zoology BIOL2012
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 or BIOL1002. Incompatible with Biology B12 or BIOL2014.
A quota may be placed on enrolments for this unit.
Convener: Dr Gullan
Syllabus: This unit will deal with the functional morphology, ecology, behaviour and evolution of animals in the major invertebrate phyla, although an overview of all phyla will be given. The emphasis will be on the functioning of the whole animal and the comparative biology and morphology of related groups of invertebrate animals.
Vertebrate Physiology BIOL2015
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1002 or BIOL1004 [NB. in the year 2000, CHEM 1014 will be added as a prerequisite]. Incompatible with Biology B11.
Convener: Dr Cooper
Syllabus: This unit reviews the physiology of vertebrates, including humans, placing particular emphasis on digestion, circulation, respiration, control of body functions by the nervous system, and regulation and integration of the internal environment.
Plant Reproduction and Systematics BIOL2023
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and up to three hours of laboratory and field
work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001. It is also advisable to do BIOL1003 before attempting this unit. Incompatible with Biology B22.
Convener: Dr Crisp
Syllabus: This unit explores the reproductive ecology and systematics of flowering plants. Critical components of the life cycle are covered including: development, fertilisation, pollination and gene flow. Emphasis will be placed on the evolutionary implications for conservation. This complements the systematics component of the course which covers species concepts and processes of speciation, and provides a thorough grounding in the practical side of plant collection, identification and classification. In addition, the evolution, diversity and classification of the flowering plants will be discussed.
Plant Structure and Function BIOL2024
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures and up to three hours of laboratory work
a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 or SREM1004 or equivalent and four first year units. Incompatible with Biology B25
Convener: Dr Aston
Syllabus: This unit will continue the study of plant structure and function commencing from the knowledge gained in BIOL1001. The course will study a broad range of physiological processes which support the growth and development of whole plants. Associated plant structure will also be considered in order to provide a good basis for understanding the growth and development processes of plants.
Advanced Botany BIOL3026
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Three lectures and up to three hours of laboratory work
per week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 and 80 credit points (= 12 points) towards a degree including two Biology B units with one of the latter to be either BIOL2023, BIOL2024 or BIOL2025.
Convener: To be advised
Syllabus: This unit will explore aspects of the ecology and physiology of plants. The emphasis will be on whole plant function in relation to environmental variability.
Evolution BIOL3012
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Three hour discussion period per week. Students are expected
to devote three hours to formal seminar work a week and a further six hours
a week to library work. No practical classes are scheduled.
Prerequisite: 112 credit points (= 16 points) towards a degree with appropriate background in anthropology, biochemistry, botany, genetics, ecology, palaeontology or microbiology. Students without a Biology C unit should consult the course coordinator before enrolling.
A quota may be placed on enrolments for this unit.
Convener: Dr Keogh
Syllabus: Topics will be selected which illustrate recent developments and controversy in the study of evolution. Although topics vary from year to year, an attempt will be made to include discussion of philosophical aspects of the study of evolution, and the use of behavioural, developmental, ecological, genetical, molecular, and morphological data in the analysis of evolution. Because of the emphasis on discussion, and because evolutionary theory is the basis of modern biological thought, this unit is excellent preparation for an honours year in the life sciences.
Entomology BIOL3015
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 and 80 credit points (= 12 points) towards a degree including 16 credit points from Biology B units.
Convener: Dr Gullan
Syllabus: Entomology is the study of insects. This course will cover many topics of current interest in insect science, including plant-insect interactions, insects in biomonitoring, traditional and alternative methods of pest management, medical entomology, insect physiology and insect evolution. An insect collection will form part of the practical assessment for the unit.
Advanced Topics in Physiology BIOL3016
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL2015 and one year of chemistry (CHEM 1011 or CHEM 1014 and CHEM 1015) or the consent of the convenor.
Convener: Dr Cooper
Syllabus: The course will examine current topics in systemic and organismal physiology. Material covered may vary between years, and students are advised to check the syllabus with the course convenor. Laboratory work may involve projects extending over several weeks.
Biodiversity and Systematics BIOL3021
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 or BIOL1003 (preferably both) and 80 credit points (= 12 points) towards a degree, including 16 credit points from Biology B units.
Convener: Dr Crisp
Syllabus: This unit examines principles and practices common to botany and zoology and deals with evolutionary relationships of organisms. Topics covered will include: approaches to classification (eg cladistics, phenetics), descriptive taxonomy, use of morphological and molecular data in phylogenetic research, coevolution of taxa (eg host/parasite phylogenies), biodiversity, evolutionary history and biogeography.
The Ecology Stream
Population Ecology BIOL2031
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and up to three hours of laboratory work each
week. There is a field course for this unit.
Prerequisite: BIOL1001 or BIOL1003, plus STAT1003 (and preferably STAT1004) or a demonstrated ability in statistics.
A quota may be placed on enrolments for this unit.
Convener: Dr Gordon
Syllabus: The course will consider methods of studying and surveying plant and animal populations. The impact of abiotic factors, herbivory, predation, disease and competition in governing populations will be presented. The role of models in studying population dynamics and harvesting populations will be an integral part of the course.
Conservation Biology BIOL2034
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory or field work
a week.
Prerequisite: BIOL2052 or BIOL2031
Convener: Dr Peakall
Syllabus: This course examines ecological and genetic principles relevant to the theory and practice of conservation. Topics covered include: causes of extinction, biodiversity and bioresources, population viability analysis, reserve design, conservation genetics and priorities in conservation. The practical component of the course will expose students to some of the important tools in conservation management.
Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology BIOL3031
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and three hours of laboratory or field work
a week. A week-long field trip in the mid-semester break may be an essential
part of this unit, and a charge may be levied to support the cost of field
work.
Prerequisite: BIOL2031 or BIOL2052
A quota may be placed on enrolments in this course.
Convener: Prof Cockburn
Syllabus: This course will use an evolutionary approach to study the way animals and plants adapt to their physical and biological environments. A major theme will be the evolution of animal behaviour, including foraging and predatory behaviour, communication, cooperation, mating systems, cooperative breeding, brood parasitism, and the physiological basis of behaviour. The course will also consider reproductive ecology and life-history theory, and physiological adaptations to life in extreme environments. Evolutionary concepts will include natural and sexual selection, phylogeny and adaptation, evolutionary stable strategies and optimality, evolutionary arms races, and the role of conflict and cooperation in the evolution of animal societies. Emphasis will be placed on showing how evolutionary ecologists test their ideas.
Topics in Biology BIOL3033-3035
(16, 8 or 4 cp) Group C
Under these codes, topics may be offered from time to time for the special needs of particular students or group of students. They will be taught at a third year honours level. Entry will be at the discretion of the Head of Division.
The Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology Stream
Ecology of Health and Disease SCCO2003
See Science in Context program
General Microbiology BIOL2042
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures and up to five hours of laboratory or tutorial
work per week
Prerequisite: for 1999,BIOL2061; for 2000, BIOL2061, CHEM1014 and CHEM1015, or CHEM1011 (not offered from 1999)
Convener: Dr Verma
Syllabus: An introduction to bacteria, viruses, plasmids and parasitic protozoa. [The eukaryotic protists are dealt with in greater detail in BIOL3042 Parasitology.] Bacterial cell structure and physiology; energy and nutrient harvesting; bacterial ecology. Virus types, structure and replication. Genetic systems of bacteria, viruses and plasmids. Control of micro-organisms. Diversity of micro-organisms; taxonomic methods for viruses and bacteria. Introduction to immunology.
Assessment: As arranged. A pass in both the laboratory work and in the written examination is required in order to pass the unit overall.
Infection and Immunity BIOL3041
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and up to five hours of laboratory work per
week
Prerequisite: BIOL2042
Convener: Dr Weir
Syllabus: Host/micro-organism relationships — mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, normal microbiota; molecular analysis of microbial pathogenesis and virulence; nature and mechanism of action of selected microbial toxins; epidemiology of infectious diseases. Host responses to infection: humoral and cellular immune responses, phagocytosis, complement; nature of antigens and antibodies; molecular genetics of antigen receptors; the major histocompatibility complex and antigen processing and presentation; lymphocyte differentiation and functions.
Assessment: As arranged. A pass in both laboratory assignments and a written examination is required in order to qualify for a pass in the unit overall.
Parasitology BIOL3042
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Three lectures and five hours of laboratory work a week
Prerequisite: Either (a) BIOL2061 or (b) BIOL2072 or (c) BIOL1004 and BIOL2012. Students are strongly advised to have completed BIOL3041 before attempting this unit.
Convener: Dr Ovington
Syllabus: Studies of the host/parasite relationship covering life-cycles, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, immunology, pathology and molecular biology. Both protozoans and helminths (nematodes, cestodes and trematodes) will be considered with emphasis on the most important parasites of humans and domestic animals. Studies of immune responses to parasites; chronicity of infection and its significance; kinds of antigens and antibodies; eosinophilia and other cellular phenomena; non-specific responses; case histories of host responses to protozoan and helminth infections; evasion of host responses by parasites; serodiagnosis, vaccination; chemotherapy and drug resistance; genetic resistance to parasitic infection. Practical work will involve instruction in a wide range of parasitological and immunological techniques.
Assessment: As arranged
Molecular Immunology BIOL3044
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Up to three lectures and four hours of practical or tutorial
work per week
Prerequisite: BIOL2061 and BIOL2042. Students are advised to have completed BIOL3041.
Convener: Dr ONeill
Syllabus: This unit focuses on the molecular basis of the immune system. The acquired or antigen-specific immune response will be considered in depth. The unit will cover development and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes, antigen processing and presentation, lymphocyte activation, cytokines, immune regulation; immunotherapy; autoimmunity; transplantion biology; lymphoproliferative diseases and viral immunology. Practical work will include laboratory exercises, class discussions and literature research assignments.
Assessment: As arranged
The Genetics Stream
Principles of Genetics BIOL2052
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and up to three hours of laboratory work a
week
Prerequisite: BIOL1003. Students are also recommended to have completed BIOL1004 [NB. for the year 2000, BIOL1004 will be mandatory].
A quota may be placed on enrolments in this unit.
Convener: Dr Rowell
Syllabus: This unit covers principles and major concepts in genetics, from gene structure and function, to the behaviour of genes in organisms and populations. We explore the three major branches of genetics: classical or Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, and population genetics. Concepts are illustrated using a range of model organisms including viruses, bacteria, plants and animals. Practical work offers an introduction to biochemical, microbiological and cytological techniques used in genetics, and examining case studies of human genetic disorders.
Advanced Genetics BIOL3052
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Three lectures and an average of three hours of project
work a week
Prerequisite: BIOL2052, and at least 96 credit points (=14 points) towards a degree.
A quota may be placed on enrolments for this unit.
Convener: Dr Gordon
Syllabus: This course will focus on selected topics in genetics, which will be considered in depth. Topics will include the genetic interactions occurring between both partners of several symbiotic associations, molecular evolution and microbial, animal and plant population genetics. Course content may vary between years. The practical component of this unit is a semester long project which can be in one of a number of areas of genetics and will be designed to cater for students with a wide range of interest in genetics.
The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Stream
Introductory Molecular Biology BIOL2061
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and five hours of laboratory work per week
and one-hour small group tutorials as arranged
Prerequisite: for 1999, BIOL1004 and CHEM1011; for 2000, BIOL1004 and CHEM1014 or CHEM1011 (not offered from 1999)
Convener: Dr Ludwig
Syllabus: Consists of four major sections:
(1) Protein structure and function, including enzyme catalysis, kinetics and protein engineering.
(2) Nucleic acid structure, synthesis and function; protein biosynthesis.
(3) Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(4) Recombinant DNA technology: cloning and analysis of DNA; expression of cloned genes; transgenic organisms.
This unit serves as a prerequisite for units in the microbiology stream as well as those in the molecular biology stream. Students wishing to enrol in BIOL2072 must also enrol in BIOL2061.
Assessment: As arranged. A pass in both laboratory work and in the final written examination is required in order to qualify for a pass in this unit.
Biochemistry of Metabolism and its Regulation BIOL2072
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Three lectures and five hours of laboratory work a week and
eight 1-hour small group tutorials as arranged
Prerequisite: BIOL1004; and either (a) CHEM1011, or (b) CHEM1014 and CHEM1015
Corequisite: BIOL2061
Convener: Professor Bygrave
Syllabus: The unit deals with the biochemistry of metabolism and its regulation, and consists of the following sections:
(1) the chemical basis of energetics, which treats the origin of the biosphere, the bioelements, biomolecules, and an introduction to the chemical thermodynamics of living systems;
(2) an introduction to the principles of the regulation of metabolic pathways including the modulation of enzyme activity by allosteric control and covalent modification; signal transduction mechanisms and intracellular messengers (eg cyclic nucleotides, calcium, inositol phosphates) in metabolic control;
(3) the nature and regulation of the metabolism of carbon fuel compounds and of energy generation and conservation; phosphorylation and reducing potential; production of precursors of macromolecules and cellular components;
(4) the biochemistry of photosynthesis and photophosphorylation;
(5) anabolic processes and the regulation of ATP utilisation in the synthesis of fatty acids, ketone bodies, glycogen and gluconeogenesis; structural aspects of lipids and their contribution to membrane structure and function;
(6) introduction to nitrogen metabolism; mechanisms and pathways for nitrogen detoxification and removal.
Assessment: As arranged. Passes in both laboratory work and the final written examination are required in order to qualify for a pass in this unit.
Introduction to Cell Biology BIOL2074
(8cp) Group B
Second semester
Three lectures, one tutorial, and up to five hours of laboratory
work per week
Prerequisite: BIOL2072
Convener: Professor Day
Syllabus: The unit will introduce central themes in eukaryotic cell biology and will include the following topics: cell ultrastructure and compartmentation; membrane structure and function; organelle biogenesis; cytoskeleton and cell motility; cell signalling and signal transduction; cell-cell communication; eukaryotic gene regulation; pattern development and embryology; cell cycle; cell differentiation and growth.
Assessment: As arranged. A pass in both laboratory work and in the final written examination is required in order to qualify for a pass in this unit.
Reproduction and Development: Molecular Approaches BIOL3063
(8cp) Group C
Summer unit. Special enrolment procedures apply. Details may be obtained from the Faculty of Science office or Dr P. A. Janssens, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences. The unit is full-time from mid-January to mid-February. Not offered in 1999.
Ten lectures, tutorials or equivalent and sixteen hours laboratory work
each week for four weeks.
Assessment will be completed in weeks 5 and 6.
Prerequisite: BIOL2061 or equivalent. Some knowledge of immunology would be advantageous. This unit will be taught by staff and students of the Cooperative Research Centre for Biological Control of Vertebrate Pest Populations. A maximum of sixteen students may enrol; selection will be based on academic merit.
Syllabus: The unit will cover the biochemistry, molecular biology and immunology of gameto-genesis, fertilisation and implantation in mammals; the identification of appropriate immunogens and delivery of vaccines for immunocontraception.
Perspectives in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOL3074
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Prerequisite: At least 112 credit points (including 16 Group C credit points at average of Credit level or better) towards a degree with appropriate background in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics or microbiology. Students must have written permission from the unit convenor or Head of Division before enrolling.
Convener: Dr Altin
Syllabus: The unit will involve a critical examination of topics of current interest to biochemists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, parasitologists and geneticists, in reading and essay assignments and in seminar/discussions.
Topics to be covered will be decided between the unit coordinator, the student and an assigned supervisor (from academic staff of the Division). Each student will conduct detailed literature-based research into the chosen topic and write a major essay for assessment. In a small number of cases, practical work may also be involved. Students may also be required to present a seminar and to participate in class discussions.
Assessment: As arranged
Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOL3077
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and up to five hours of laboratory work per
week
Prerequisite: BIOL2061; and either BIOL2072 or BIOL2024
Convener: Professor Day
Syllabus: The integration of molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology has had an enormous impact on plant science in recent years. The aim of this unit is to familiarise students with the techniques and recent conceptual advances in plant molecular biology and biochemistry and to demonstrate how these techniques are being used to provide new insights in plant biology and biotechnology.
Major topics to be covered include: plant metabolism, plant development, environmental regulation of gene expression, plant diseases and plant defence, and plant biotechnology. Laboratory work will take the form of a research project, and will reflect current research interests of scientists at The Australian National University or CSIRO Division of Plant Industry.
Assessment: as arranged
Genes and Proteins BIOL3079
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures and up to five hours of laboratory work per
week
Prerequisite: BIOL2061 and BIOL2072
Incompatible with BIOL3073
Convener: Dr Smith
Syllabus: The theme of this unit is structure and function of genes (or the genome) and proteins (or the proteome), with emphasis on relationships between them.
Topics considered will be: cloning and sequencing genes; DNA and protein data processing; bioinformatics; genetic analysis; protein structure and relation to function; enzyme mechanisms; catalytic antibodies; protein engineering; enzyme technology, including rational drug design; protein-nucleic acid interactions; modern techniques for studying genes and proteins.
Assessment: As arranged
Molecular and Cell Physiology BIOL3080
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
Three lectures and up to five hours of laboratory work per
week
Prerequisite: BIOL2061 and BIOL2074
Incompatible with BIOL3073
Convener: Professor Kirk
Syllabus: The unit will focus on the organisation of the cell, subcellular compartmentation and intra- and inter-cellular communication, wherever possible in the context of disease and other health related issues.
Specific topics to be covered include: cell ultrastructure and membranes; techniques in cell physiology, molecular biology of membrane proteins, molecular basis of membrane transport, cell homeostasis, organelle biogenesis, protein trafficking and targeting, electron transport and energy conservation, function of different cell types and tissues.
Assessment: As arranged
Topics in Molecular Biology BIOL3081
(8cp) Group C
First semester
Three lectures per week and seminars/tutorials to be arranged
Prerequisite: BIOL2061 and BIOL2074 unless approved otherwise by the unit convenor
Convener: Dr van Leeuwen
Syllabus: The unit will be presented in modules of 3-4 weeks each. The themes of modules will be chosen to illustrate molecular biological approaches to the understanding of biological problems of current interest.
Examples of topics to be covered are: viruses and vaccines, cell division and cancer, environmental biochemistry and microbiology, regulation of gene expression during development, molecular metabolism and hormone action, biotechnology and medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. It is anticipated that the unit content will vary from year to year and optional modules may be offered. There is no practical component to the unit, but individual literature-based research will be encouraged, and discussion groups and student seminars arranged.
Assessment: Essays and student seminars
Topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOL3075-3077
(8cp) Group C
Under this code, topics may be offered from time to time for the special needs of particular students or group of students. They will be taught at a third year honours level. Entry will be at the discretion of the Head of Division.
Science in Context
Dr J. J. T. Evans
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The Science in Context program offers a number of undergraduate units, and opportunities for honours and postgraduate study, on the role and meaning of science and technology in the contemporary world. The program began as part of the Human Science Program (1973-91), moving to the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1991. In the current year, Science in Context has for the first time, with the double listing in its entry of ‘The Big Questions’, become interdepartmental. In future years we expect it to develop further in this direction.
The roles of science and technology have become highly problematic. While some see these two activities as major causes of the current environmental crisis, others see them as offering the most promising means of overcoming it. This program seeks to steer a middle course between these two extreme positions by examining science and technology from a number of alternative perspectives in their broader cultural and environmental context.
Units examine the cultural and intellectual origins of science and technology as we know them today, and the mind-sets which these origins have bequeathed to modern scientists and technologists. This investigation raises profound questions about the respective roles of the intellect and feelings, and of fact and value, in understanding the world around us, ourselves and how we relate to the world. The program focuses its critical attention on the increasingly prevalent belief that the human species has reached a turning point, where we must either achieve a new level of understanding and a new, more participatory, way of relating to each other and the biosphere, or resign ourselves to environmental collapse and possible extinction.
The program seeks to develop the skills involved in searching out, and integrating, information from different disciplines and different kinds of source towards the greater understanding of concrete situations. Students are encouraged to develop and broaden their own specialisations and their own interests and enthusiasms in choosing topics for essays. Units currently offered concentrate on the ‘big questions’ in science, health and disease transition, biotechnology and human development.
The program thus offers an introduction to disciplined generalism, aimed at developing the skill of navigating the complex universe of modern knowledge as a whole. One key to this skill consists in becoming aware of the many patterns of thought which different disciplines share. In the Commonwealth and State public services, as well as in the private sector, a strong tide is currently running in favour of generalism at the expense of specialism, while Australian universities still favour the latter. The Science in Context program aims to steer a middle course also between these two extremes by promoting generalism in complementary relationship to specialism, seeing some mastery of both approaches as fundamental to understanding in the modern world.
The Pass Degree
Undergraduate units include one A unit, The Big Questions, one B unit, Ecology of Health and Disease, and two C units, Biotechnology in Context and Change and Transformation. The pattern of assessment in all of the B and C units will depend on seminar participation, an essay and final exam. The relative weighting of these will be decided in consultation with participants.
The Big Questions PHYS1007
(6cp) Group A
Second semester
Three lectures and two tutorials per week
Convener: Dr Savage
Prerequisite: There are no prerequisites for this unit.
This unit considers Big Questions in physics. These are fundamental scientific questions which relate to understanding our place in nature. Examples are the nature of reality and the character of space and time. The unit is suitable for both science and non-science students.
The unit considers the nature of science and provides a non-mathematical overview of fundamental physics. A feature of the unit is guest lectures by prominent experts.
Syllabus: What is science? What are space and time? What is the nature of reality? How does quantum mechanics affect our view of reality? Is there extra-terrestrial life?
Ecology of Health and Disease SCCO2003
(8cp) Group B
First semester
Two one-hour lectures plus laboratory demonstration or seminar/tutorial
sessions of up to 3 hours each week.
Convener: Dr Behm
Prerequisite: (a) A pass at credit or above in BIOL1001 or BIOL1002 or BIOL1003 or BIOL1004 or ANTH1001 or PREH1112 or GEOG1006; or (b) approved qualifications in the biological or social sciences. Incompatible with SCCO3001.
Syllabus: The unit, which is offered for both non-science and science students, explores the biological basis of human diseases and how they have affected individuals and communities. It covers biological,ecological and sociopolitical aspects of infectious, genetic and lifestyle-associated diseases, along with strategies used for their control. The impact of disease on human populations is considered, with emphasis on critical examination of the relative importance of modern medicine, public health, economic development and other factors. The role of scientific enquiry in the improvement of human health is discussed. Themes include natural selection, the dynamics of host-pathogen interactions, and the setting of research priorities. Principles are illustrated with case studies which may include: parasitic diseases such as malaria; other infectious diseases including influenza, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS; reproductive health; and immunological diseases such as asthma and diabetes.
Preliminary reading
Biotechnology in Context SCCO3004
(8cp) Group C
Second semester
One 1-hour lecture (taped), one 1 1/2-hour evening lecture/discussion,
and one1-hour seminar each week.
Prerequisite: (a) Any Science in Context B or C unit or (b) any two second or third level units in Biology or Biological Anthropology (List A). Incompatible with SCCO2001.
Convener: Dr Evans
Syllabus: An examination of gene technology and modern medicine in social, environmental and ethical context. We shall examine case studies from the following areas, among others: reproductive technology and prenatal diagnosis; genetic modification of micro-organisms, agricultural crops and pests, and humans; organ donation, life extension and euthanasia. Lectures will also raise broader issues, such as risk assessment; intellectual property; regulation; bioethics; cognitive development and world view as these affect judgement. The unit seeks to emphasise neither the promise nor the threat of these new technologies. It seeks rather to encourage the student to develop a deeper and more coherent understanding of the important implications which these technologies hold not only for human beings, but for organisms in general.
Preliminary reading
Change and Transformation SCCO3002
(8cp) Group C
Second semester. Next offered in 2000
One 1-hour lecture (taped), one 1
1/2-hour evening lecture/discussion and one1-hour seminar each week
Prerequisite: (a) Any Science in Context B or C unit or (b) Any two B or C units in Biology, Psychology or Biological Anthropology (List A)
Lecturer: Dr Evans
Syllabus: An examination of some of the ways in which human beings change and develop, whether simply by moving through life’s stages, as a result of experiences like trauma, career change or religious conversion or, through education, rehabilitation from addiction, psychotherapy or personal growth. We shall examine case studies of human change and transformation, while the lectures will progressively develop a theoretical framework, based on: Psychoanalytic and Object relations theory; Bodywork; Transpersonal psychology (Jung, Wilber, Almaas); Buddhism. The theory is designed to encourage students to develop, and question, their own understanding of human development. The unit as a whole critically examines the increasingly popular belief that the current global crisis calls for a radical change in human cognition as well as behaviour.
Preliminary reading
The degree with honours
Undergraduate students who expect to attain a sufficient standard in the course for the pass degree and who wish to enrol in a fourth, honours, year in the program, should contact the convenor as soon as possible. Basic principles and prerequisites are outlined in the statement on The Degree with honours in the Faculty of Science introductory section in this Handbook.
Intending honours students should complete at least two of the program’s units at a Credit level or better and other units appropriate to their proposed area of study.
The course for fourth year honours will be designed in consultation with the student and will normally consist of: (a) a reading course (b) other course work as appropriate, or an essay of approximately 3,000 words and (c) an original investigation, presented as a sub-thesis of approximately 15,000 words and as a seminar.
Higher degrees
Courses leading to the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy by thesis are also offered. Intending candidates should consult the convener.