Halving the gap in employment outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians over the decade beginning in 2008 is one of six COAG targets set to address Indigenous disadvantage. To understand better the labour market outcomes of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, and the human and social capital factors influencing those outcomes, the Productivity Commission has undertaken an analysis using the 2006 Census. The labour market indicators studied are participation, unemployment, hours worked and total personal income.