Kiaran Kirk is Head of the School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the ANU. He carried out his PhD in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Sydney (1985-1988), developing NMR spectroscopy methods for studying aspects of erythrocyte physiology. In 1989 he went to the Oxford University Laboratory of Physiology where he held an Oxford Nuffield Medical Fellowship, the Staines Medical Research Fellowship (Exeter College) and a Lister Institute Senior Research Fellowship. He returned to Australia to take up his present position in 1996. In 2002 he was awarded the Roche Medal of the Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and in 2003 was an Overseas Research Fellow at Churchill College, University of Cambridge. In 2008 he was awarded the Australian Society for Parasitology’s Bancroft-Mackerras Medal. The primary research interests of Kiaran's group are in the physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology of the malaria parasite.

Contact Details

E: Kiaran.Kirk@anu.edu.au T: (+61 2) 6125 2284 F: (+61 2) 6125 0313

Main Research interests

Physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology of the malaria parasite.

Teaching Activities

BIOL1004 : Molecular Biology (Co-Convenor) BIOL2174 : Cell Physiology in Health & Disease (Convenor)

Awards

Roche Medal, 2002 (Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) ANU Vice-Chancellor's Annual Award for Excellence in Supervision, 2007 Bancroft-Mackerras Medal, 2008 (Australian Society for Parasitology)

Current Research Group

From left to right: Simon Cobbold - PhD student Robert Summers - Hons student Rowena Martin - Postdoctoral fellow Adele Lehane - PhD student Kiaran Kirk Rongwei Teng - Postdoctoral fellow Rosa Marchetti - PhD student Natalie Spillman - PhD student Donnelly Van Schalkwyk - Senior Research Officer Richard Allen - Visiting fellow Former PhD Students and Postdocs Former PhD students: James Hall, James Bursell, Henry Staines, Rowena Martin, Richard Allen, Rhys Hayward,   Megan Downie, Roselani Henry                       Former Postdocs: Kevin Saliba, Ari Karjalainen, Lisa Alleva

Research

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a unicellular microorganism which, during the course of its lifecycle, invades the red blood cells of its vertebrate host.  The major focus of our research group is on the physiology and biochemistry of the malaria parasite. We use a combination of biochemical, molecular and bioinformatic methods to study the mechanisms by which the parasite acquires nutrients from its host, regulates its ionic and biochemical composition, and expels potentially harmful metabolic wastes.  We are also investigating the mechanisms underlying the uptake of, and resistance to, antimalarial drugs.  A detailed knowledge of these various mechanisms will provide the basis for new antimalarial chemotherapeutic strategies as well as an understanding of mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance.

Publications

2008 Lehane, A.M. and Kirk, K. (2008) Chloroquine-resistance-conferring mutations in pfcrt give rise to a chloroquine-associated H+ leak from the malaria parasite¹s digestive vacuole.  Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., In Press (Accepted October 1, 2008) Saliba, K.J., Lehane, A.M. and Kirk K. (2008) A polymorphic drug pump in the malaria parasite. Molecular Microbiology, In Press (Accepted September 8, 2008). Teng, R., Junankar, P.R., Bubb, W.A., Rae, C., Mercier, P. and Kirk, K. (2008) Metabolite profiling of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by 1H NMR spectroscopy.  NMR in Biomedicine, In Press (Accepted July 17, 2008) Spillman, N.J., Allen, R.J.W. and Kirk, K. (2008) Acid extrusion from the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite is not via a Na+/H+ exchanger. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 162, 96-99.[PubMed] Downie, M., Kirk, K. and Ben Mamoun, C. (2008) Purine salvage pathways in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite. Eukaryotic Cell, 7, 1231-1237.[PubMed] Lehane, A.M., Hayward, R., Saliba K.J. and Kirk, K. (2008) A verapamil-sensitive chloroquine-associated H+ leak from the digestive vacuole of chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites. J. Cell Science. 121, 1624-1632. [PubMed] Downie, M.J., Saliba, K.J., Bröer, S., Howitt, S.M. and Kirk, K. (2008) Purine nucleobase transport in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite. Int. J. Parasitol. 38, 203-209. [PubMed] Spry, C., Kirk, K., Saliba, K.J. (2008) Coenzyme A biosynthesis: an antimicrobial drug target. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 56-106. [PubMed] 2007 Henry, R.I., Martin, R.E., Howitt, S.M. and Kirk, K. (2007) Localisation of a candidate anion transporter to the surface of the malaria parasite. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 363, 288-291. [PubMed] Lehane, A.M., Marchetti, R.V., Spry, C., van Schalkwyk, D.A., Teng, R., Kirk, K. and Saliba K.J. (2007) Feedback inhibition of pantothenate kinase regulates pantothenol uptake by the malaria parasite. J. Biol. Chem., 282, 25395-25405. [PubMed] Staines, H.M., Alkhalil, A., Allen, R.J., De Jonge, H., Derbyshire, E., Egee, S., Ginsburg, H., Hill, D.A., Huber, S., Kirk, K., Lang, F., Lisk, G., Oteng, E., Pillai, A.D., Rayavara, K., Rouhani, S., Saliba, K.J., Shen, C., Solomon, T., Thomas, S., Verloo, P., Desai, (2007) Electrophysiological studies of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes S.A. International Journal for Parasitology, 37, 475-482. [PubMed] Martin, R.E. and Kirk, K. (2007) Transport of the essential nutrient isoleucine in human erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite  Plasmodium falciparum. Blood, 109, 2217-2224. [Pubmed] Kirk, K. and Saliba, K.J. (2007)  Targeting nutrient uptake mechanisms in Plasmodium. Curr. Drug Targets, 8, 75-88. [Pubmed] 2006 Baumeister, S., Winterberg, M., Duranton, C., Huber, S., Lang, F., Kirk, K. and Lingelbach, K. (2006) Evidence for the involvement of Plasmodium falciparum proteins in the formation of new permeability pathways in the erythrocyte membrane. Molec. Micro. 60, 493-504. [PubMed] Downie, M.J., Saliba, K.J., Howitt, S.M., Bröer, S. and Kirk, K. (2006)  Transport of nucleosides across the Plasmodium falciparum parasite plasma membrane has characteristics of PfENT1. Molec. Micro. 60, 738-748. [PubMed] Hayward, R., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2006) The pH of the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum is not associated with chloroquine resistance. J. Cell Science, 119, 1016-1025. [PubMed] Saliba, K.J.1, Martin, R.E.1, Bröer, A., Henry, R.I., McCarthy, C.S., Downie, M.J., Allen, R.J.W., Mullin, K.A., McFadden, G.I., Bröer, S.2 and Kirk, K.2 (2006)  Sodium-dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate by the intracellular malaria parasite.  Nature  443, 582-585. [1,2: Equal contributions] [PubMed] 2005 Bray, P.G., Martin, R.E., Tilley, L., Ward, S.A., Kirk, K. and Fidock, D.A. (2005) Defining the role of PfCRT in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance. Molec. Micro., 56, 323-333 [PubMed] Hayward, R., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2005) Mutations in pfmdr1 modulate the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to the intrinsic antiplasmodial activity of verapamil. Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherapy, 49, 840-842. [PubMed] Hayward, R., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2005) pfmdr1 mutations associated with chloroquine resistance incur a fitness cost in Plasmodium falciparum. Molec. Micro., 55, 1285-1295. [PubMed] Kirk, K., Martin, R.E., Bröer, S., Howitt, S.M. and Saliba, K.J. (2005) Plasmodium Permeomics: Membrane transport proteins in the malaria parasite. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology: Malaria (S. Krishna and D. Sullivan, eds), 295, 325-356. [PubMed] Martin, R.E., Henry, R.I., Abbey, J.L., Clements, J.D, and Kirk, K. (2005) The 'permeome' of the malaria parasite: an overview of the membrane transport proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. Genome Biology, 6, R26. Saliba, K.J., Ferru, I. and Kirk, K. (2005) Pro-vitamin B5 (pantothenol) inhibits the growth of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite. Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherapy, 49, 632-637. [PubMed] Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2005) CJ-15,801, a fungal natural product, inhibits the intraerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro via an effect on pantothenic acid utilisation. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol., 141, 129-131. [PubMed] Spry, C., Chai, C.L.L., Kirk, K., Saliba, K.J. (2005) A class of pantothenic acid analogs inhibits Plasmodium falciparum pantothenate kinase and represses the proliferation of malaria parasites, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 4649-4657. [PubMed] 2004 Allen, R.J.W. and Kirk, K. (2004) The membrane potential of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 11264-11272. [PubMed] Allen, R.J.W and Kirk K. (2004) Cell volume control in the Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 7-10. [PubMed] Becker, K and Kirk, K. (2004) Of malaria, metabolism, and membrane transport. Trends in Parasitology, 20, 590-596. [PubMed] Go, M-L., Liu, M., Wilairat, P., Rosenthal, P.J., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2004) Anti-plasmodial chalcones inhibit sorbitol-induced hemolysis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherapy, 48, 3241-3245.[PubMed] Junankar, P.R., Karjalainen, A. and Kirk, K. (2004) Osmotic swelling activates two pathways for K+ efflux in rat hepatoma cell line. Cellular Physiol. Biochem., 14, 143-54. [PubMed] Kirk, K. (2004) Channels and transporters as drug targets in the Plasmodium-infected erythrocyte. Acta Tropica, 89, 285-298. [PubMed] Lehane, A.M., Saliba, K.J., Allen, R.J.W. and Kirk, K. (2004) Choline uptake into the malaria parasite is energized by the membrane potential. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 320, 311-317. [PubMed] Lingelbach, K., Kirk, K., Rogerson, S., Langhorne, J., Carucci, D.J. and Waters, A. (2004) Molecular approaches to malaria. Molec. Micro., 54, 575-587. [PubMed] Martin, R.E. and Kirk, K. (2004) The malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter is a member of the drug/metabolite transporter superfamily. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21: 1938-1949. [PubMed] Saliba, K.J., Krishna, S. and Kirk, K. (2004) Inhibition of hexose transport and abrogation of pH homeostasis in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite by an O-3-hexose derivative. FEBS Lett., 570, 93-96. [PubMed] Staines, H.M., Dee, B.C., O'Brien, M., Lang, H., Englert, H., Horner, H.A., Ellory, J.C. and Kirk, K. (2004) Furosemide analogues as potent inhibitors of the new permeability pathways of Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol., 133, 171-174. [PubMed] 2003 Baumeister, S., Endermann, T., Charpian, S., Nyalwidhe, J. Duranton, C., Huber, S., Kirk, K., Lang, F. and Lingelbach, K. (2003) A biotin derivative blocks parasite induced novel permeation pathways in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol., 132, 35-45. Kirk, K. (2003) Ion channels in the ‘malaria-infected’ infected red blood cell. Physiology News 51, 17-19. Kirk, K. and Saliba, K.J. (2003) The membrane physiology of the ‘malaria-infected’ red cell, in Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease (I. Bernhardt and J.C. Ellory, eds) pp 569-585, Springer, Berlin. Saliba, K. J., Allen, R. J., Zissis, S., Bray, P. G., Ward, S. A., Kirk, K. (2003) Acidification of the malaria parasite's digestive vacuole by a H+-ATPase and a H+-pyrophosphatase. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 5605-5612. 2002 Bray, P.G., Saliba, K.J., Davies, J.D., Spiller, D.G., White, M.R.H., Kirk, K. and Ward, S.A. (2002) Distribution of acridine orange fluorescence in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and its implications for the evaluation of digestive vacuole pH. Molec. Biochem.Parasitol., 119, 301-304. Bray, P.G., Saliba, K.J., Davies, J.D., Spiller, D.G., White, M.R.H., Kirk, K. and Ward, S.A. (2002) A further comment on the distribution of acridine orange fluorescence in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol., 119, 311-313. Junankar, P.J., Karjalainen, A. and Kirk, K. (2002) The role of P2Y1 purinergic receptors and cytosolic Ca2+ in hypotonically-activated osmolyte efflux from a rat hepatoma cell line. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 40324-40334. 2001 Alleva, L.M. and Kirk, K. (2001) Calcium regulation in the intracellular malaria parasite. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol. 117, 121-128. Biagini, G. A., Knodler, L. A., Saliba, K.J., Kirk, K. and Edwards, M. R. (2001) Na+ dependent pH regulation by the microaerophilic parasite Giardia intestinalis. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 29157-29162. Elliott, J.L., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2001) Transport of lactate and pyruvate in the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem. J., 355, 733-739. Kirk, K. (2001) Membrane transport in the malaria-infected erythrocyte. Physiol. Rev. 81, 495-537. Kirk, K. (2001) Malaria: A voracious creature, Lancet, 358 (Suppl.), 41. Kirk, K. and Saliba, K.J. (2001) Chloroquine resistance and the pH of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole. Drug Resistance Updates, 4, 335-337. Saliba,K.J. and Kirk, K. (2001) H+ coupled pantothenate transport in the intracellular malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. J.Biol.Chem., 276, 18115-18121. Staines, H.M, Ellory, J.C. and Kirk, K. (2001) Perturbation of the pump-leak balance for Na+ and K+ in malaria-infected erythrocytes. Am.J. Physiol. (Cell), 280, C1576-C1587. Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2001) Nutrient acquisition by intracellular apicomplexan parasites: Staying in for dinner. Int. J. Parasitol., 31, 1321-1330. 2000 Biagini, G.A., Kirk, K., Schofield, P.J. and Edwards, M.R. (2000) Role of K+ and amino acids in osmoregulation by the free-living microaerophilic protozoon Hexamita inflata. Microbiology, 146, 427-433. Biagini, G.A., Lloyd, D. Kirk, K. and Edwards, M.R. (2000) The membrane potential of Giardia intestinalis. FEMS Microbiol. Letters, 192, 153-157. Junankar, P.R. and Kirk, K. (2000) Organic osmolyte channels: a comparative view. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 10, 355-360. Kirk, K. (2000) Malaria: Channeling nutrients. Nature, 406, 949-950. Krishna, S.J., Woodrow, C., Burchmore, R., Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (2000) Hexose transport in asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum and Kinetoplastidae. Parasitology Today 16, 516-521. Reed, M.B., Saliba, K.J., Caruana, S.R., Kirk, K. and Cowman, A.F. (2000) Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature, 403, 906-909. Staines, H.M., Rae, C. and Kirk, K. (2000) Increased permeability of the malaria-infected erythrocyte to organic cations, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1463, 88-98. 1999 Kirk, K., Staines, H.M., Martin, R.E. and Saliba, K.J. (1999) Transport properties of the host cell membrane, in Transport and Trafficking in the Malaria-Infected Erythrocyte, Wiley, Chichester (Novartis Foundation Symposium 226) pp 55-73. Kirk, K., Tilley, L. and Ginsburg, H. (1999) Transport and Trafficking in the Malaria-Infected Erythrocyte. Parasitology Today 15, 355-357. Rickards, R.W., Rothschild, J.M., Willis, A.C., de Chazal, N.M., Kirk, J., Kirk, K., Saliba, K.J. and Smith, G.D. (1999) Calothrixins A and B, novel pentacyclic metabolites from Calothrix cyanobacteria with potent activity against malaria parasites and human cancer cells. Tetrahedron, 55, 13513-13520. Staines, H.M., Chang, W., Ellory, J.C., Tiffert, T., Kirk, K. and Lew, V.L. (1999) Passive Ca2+ transport and Ca2+- dependent K+ transport in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells. J. Membr. Biol. 172. 13-24. Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (1999). pH regulation in the intracellular malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum: H+extrusion via a V-Type H+-ATPase. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 33213-33219. Saliba, K.J., Martin, R.E., Staines, H.M. and Kirk, K. (1999) A novel anion channel in the malaria-infected erythrocyte: opportunities for antimalarial chemotherapy, in Chloride Channels (R.Z. Kozlowski, ed.). Isis Medical Media, pp 137-148. 1998 Ginsburg, H. and Kirk, K. (1998) Membrane transport in the malaria-infected erythrocyte, In Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis, Protection (I.W. Sherman, ed.) pp 219-232. Kirk,K. and Strange, K. (1998) Functional properties and physiological roles of organic solute channels. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 60, 719-739. Saliba, K.J. and Kirk, K. (1998) Clotrimazole inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Proc. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92, 666-667. Staines, H.M. and Kirk, K. (1998) Increased choline transport in erythrocytes from mice infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium vinckei vinckei. Biochem. J. 334, 525-530. Saliba, K.J., Horner, H.A. and Kirk, K. (1998) Transport and metabolism of the essential vitamin pantothenic acid in human erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. J. Biol. Chem., 273, 10190-10195. 1997 Kirk, K. (1997) Swelling-activated osmolyte channels. J. Membr. Biol. 158, 1-16. 1996 Bursell, J.D.H. and Kirk, K. (1996)  Swelling-activated K+ transport via two functionally distinct pathways in eel erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 270, R61-R70. Bursell, J.D.H., Kirk, J., Hall. S.T., Gero, A.M. and Kirk, K. (1996)  Volume-regulatory amino acid release from the protozoan parasite Crithidia luciliae. J. Membr. Biol. 154, 131-141. Hall, J.A., Kirk, J., Potts, J.R., Rae, C. and Kirk, K. (1996)  Anion channel blockers inhibit swelling-activated anion, cation and nonelectrolyte transport in HeLa cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271, C579-C588. Kirk, K., Horner, H.A. and Kirk, J. (1996)  Glucose uptake in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes is an equilibrative not an active process. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol. 82, 195-205. Lewis, R.A., Bursell, J.D.H. and Kirk, K. (1996)  Anion-selectivity of the swelling-activated osmolyte channel in eel erythrocytes. J. Membr. Biol. 149, 103-111. 1995 Basavappa, S., Chartouni, V., Kirk, K., Prpic, V., Ellory, J.C., and Mangel, A.W. (1995) Swelling‑induced chloride currents in neuroblastoma cells are calcium dependent. J. Neurosci. 15, 3662-3666. Kirk, K. and Horner, H.A. (1995)  In search of a selective inhibitor of the induced transport of small solutes in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes:  effects of arylaminobenzoates.  Biochem. J. 311, 761-768. Kirk, K. and Horner, H.A. (1995)  Novel anion dependence of induced cation transport in malaria-infected erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24270-24275. 1994 Gero, A.M. and Kirk, K. (1994)  Nutrient transport pathways in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes: what and where are they?  Parasitology Today,  10, 395-399. Joyner, S.E. and Kirk, K. (1994) Two pathways for choline transport in eel erythrocytes:  a saturable carrier and a volume-activated channel. Am. J. Physiol. 267, R773-R779. Kirk, J. and Kirk, K. (1994)  Inhibition of volume-activated I- and taurine efflux from HeLa cells by P-glycoprotein inhibitors correlates with calmodulin inhibition.  J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29389-29394. Kirk, K., Horner, H.A., Elford, B.C., Ellory, J.C. and Newbold, C.I. (1994) Transport of diverse substrates into malaria-infected erythrocytes via a pathway showing functional characteristics of a chloride channel.  J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3339-3347. Kuchel, P.W., Kirk, K. and King, G.F. (1994)  NMR Methods for measuring membrane transport. Subcellular Biochemistry  23 (Physico-Chemical Methods in the Study of Biomembranes) 247-327. Vandenberg, J.I., Yoshida, A., Kirk, K. and Powell, T. (1994) Swelling-activated and isoprenaline‑activated chloride currents in guinea pig cardiac myocytes have distinct electrophysiology and pharmacology. J. Gen. Physiol.  104, 997-1017. 1993 Kirk, K. and Kirk, J. (1993) Volume-regulatory taurine release from a human lung cancer cell line:  evidence for amino acid transport via a volume-activated chloride channel. FEBS Lett. 336, 153-158. Kirk, K., Horner, H.A., Spillett, D.J. and Elford, B.C. (1993) Glibenclamide and meglitinide block the transport of low molecular weight solutes into malaria-infected erythrocytes. FEBS Lett. 323, 123-128. 1992 Ellory, J.C., Kirk, K., Culliford, S.J., Nash, G.B., Stuart, J. (1992) Nitrendipine is a potent inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel of human erythrocytes. FEBS Lett. 296, 219-221. Kirk, K., Ellory, J.C. and Young, J.D. (1992) Transport of organic substrates via a volume-activated channel. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 23475-23478. Kirk, K., Figueiredo, P.C., Elford, B.C. and Ellory, J.C. (1992) Effect of cell age on erythrocyte choline transport:  implications for the increased choline permeability of malaria-infected erythrocytes. Biochem. J. 283, 617-619. Kirk, K., Elford, B.C. and Ellory, J.C. (1992) The enhanced K+ leak of malaria-infected erythrocytes is not via a Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1135, 8-12. 1991 Kirk, K. (1991) K+ transport across the lamprey erythrocyte membrane: characteristics of a Ba2+-and amiloride-sensitive pathway. J. Exp. Biol. 159, 303-324. Kirk, K. (1991) The effect of N-ethylmaleimide on K+ and Cl- transport pathways in the lamprey erythrocyte membrane:  activation of KCl cotransport. J. Exp. Biol. 159, 325-334. Kirk, K., Ashworth, K.J., Elford, B.C., Pinches, R.A. and Ellory, J.C. (1991) Characteristics of 86Rb+ transport in human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1061, 305-308. Kirk, K., Wong, H.Y., Elford, B.C., Newbold, C.I. and Ellory, J.C. (1991) Choline and Rb+ transport in human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Biochem. J. 278, 521-525. 1990 Kirk, K. (1990) NMR methods for measuring membrane transport rates. NMR in Biomedicine 3, 1-16. 1989 Potts, J.R., Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1989) Characterisation of the transport of the non-electrolyte dimethyl methylphosphonate across the red cell membrane, NMR in Biomedicine 1, 198-204. 1988 Bubb, W.A., Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1988) Ethylene glycol as an X-nucleus thermometer for biological samples. J. Magn. Reson. 77, 363-368. Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1988) The contribution of magnetic susceptibility effects to transmembrane chemical shift differences in the 31P NMR spectra of oxygenated erythrocyte suspensions. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 130-134. Kirk, K., Kuchel, P.W. and Labotka, R.J. (1988) The hypophosphite ion as a 31P NMR probe of membrane potential in erythrocyte suspensions. Biophys. J. 59, 241-247. Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1988) Characterization of transmembrane chemical shift differences in the 31P NMR spectra of various phosphoryl compounds in erythrocyte suspensions. Biochemistry 27, 8795-8802. Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1988) Physical basis of the effect of hemoglobin on the 31P NMR chemical shifts of various phosphoryl compounds. Biochemistry 27, 8803-8810. 1987 Kuchel, P.W., Bulliman, B.T., Chapman, B.E. and Kirk, K. (1987) The use of transmembrane differences in saturation transfer for measuring fast membrane transport: application to H13CO3- exchange across the human erythrocyte. J. Magn. Reson. 74, 1-11. Raftos, J.E., Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1987) Further investigation of the use of dimethyl methylphosphonate as a 31P NMR probe of red cell volume. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 968, 160-166. 1986 Chapman, B.E., Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1986) Bicarbonate exchange kinetics at equilibrium across the erythrocyte membrane by 13C NMR. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 136, 266-272. Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1986) Equilibrium exchange of dimethyl methylphosphonate across the human red cell membrane measured using NMR spin transfer. J. Magn. Reson. 68, 311-318. Kirk, K., Raftos, J.E. and Kuchel, P.W. (1986) Triethyl phosphate as an internal 31P NMR reference in biological samples. J. Magn. Reson. 70, 484-487. Stewart, I.M., Chapman, B.E., Kirk, K., Kuchel, P.W., Lovric, V.A. and Raftos, J.E. (1986) intracellular pH in stored erythrocytes. Refinement and further characterisation of the 31P NMR methylphosphonate procedure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 885, 23-33. 1985 Kirk, K. and Kuchel, P.W. (1985) Red cell volume changes monitored using a new 31P NMR procedure. J. Magn. Reson. 62, 568-572.