• If you want to download a paper, just click on the PDF symbol. If you don't have Adobe Acrobat installed go to the Adobe Website

• The stuff in small print is a legal requirement for posting papers.

• To view the homepage of a journal, simply click on the Journal's name.

• My PhD student's often publish papers that do not have my name on them. These can be found on the individual student's websites (linked off the "Crab People" page)

Jennions MD, Backwell PRY, Murai M, Christy JH. 2003. Hiding behaviour in  fiddler crabs: How long should prey hide in response to a potential predator? Animal Behaviour 66: 251-257

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Christy JH, Baum J, Backwell PRY. 2003. Attractiveness of sand hoods built by courting male fiddler crabs Uca musica: test of a sensory trap hypothesis. Animal Behaviour 66: 89-94

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de Rivera CE, Backwell PRY, Christy JH, Vehrencamp SL. 2003. Density affects female and male searching in the fiddler crab, Uca beebei. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53: 72-83

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Christy JH, Backwell PRY, Schober U. 2003. Inter-specific attractiveness of structures built by courting male fiddler crabs: experimental evidence of a  sensory trap. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53: 84-91

Christy JH, Backwell PRY, Goshima S & Kreuter T. 2002. Sexual selection for structure building by courting male fiddler crabs: an experimental study of behavioral mechanisms. ? Behavioral Ecology 13: 366-374

Koga T, Backwell PRY, Christy JH, Murai M, Kasuya E. 2001. Male-biased predation of a fiddler crab. Animal Behaviour 62: 201-207

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Christy JH, Backwell PRY, Goshima S. 2001. The design and production of a sexual signal: Hoods and hood building by male fiddler crabs Uca musica. Behaviour 138: 1065-1083

Backwell PRY, Christy JH, Telford SR, Jennions MD, Passmore NI. 2000. Dishonest signalling in a fiddler crab. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 267: 719-724 

Backwell PRY, Jennions MD, Passmore NI, Christy JH. 1999. Female choice in the synchronously waving fiddler crab, Uca annulipes. Ethology 105: 415-422  (Reproduced with the permission of Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag)

Christy JH, Goshima S, Backwell PRY, Kreuter TJ. 1998. Nemertean predation on the tropical fiddler crab Uca musica. Hydrobiologia 365: 233-239

Backwell PRY, O'Hara PD, Christy JH. 1998. Prey availability and selective foraging in shorebirds. Animal Behaviour 55: 1659-1667

Jennions MD, Backwell PRY. 1998. Variation in courtship rate in the fiddler crab Uca annulipes: is it related to male attractiveness? Behavioral Ecology 9: 605-611  (Reproduced with the permission of Oxford University Press)  

Koga T, Backwell PRY, Jennions MD, Christy JH. 1998. Elevated predation risk changes mating behaviour and courtship in a fiddler crab Uca beebei Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 265: 1385-1390  (Reproduced with permission)

Backwell PRY, Jennions MD. Passmore NI, Christy JH. 1998. Synchronized courtship in fiddler crabs. Nature 391: 31-32  (Reproduced with permission)  

Jennions MD & Backwell PRY. 1996. Residency and size affect fight duration and outcome in the fiddler crab, Uca annulipes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 293-306  (This material has been published in the above journal, the only definitive repository of the content that has been certified and accepted after peer review. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by The Linnean Society of London. This material may not be copied or reposted without explicit permission. For this and other articles go to http://www.idealibrary.com).

Backwell PRY & Passmore NI. 1996. Time constraints and multiple choice criteria in the sampling behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab, Uca annulipes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38: 407-416

Christy JH & Backwell PRY. 1995. The sensory exploitation hypothesis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10: 417 (Reproduced with permission. Copyright owned by Elsevier Science)

Jennions MD, Bishop PJ, Backwell PRY, Passmore, NI. 1995. Call rate variability and female choice in the African frog, Hyperolius marmoratus. Behaviour 132: 709-720  

Jennions MD, Backwell PRY, Passmore NI. 1995. Repeatability of mate choice: the effect of size in the African painted reed frog,  Hyperolius marmoratus. Animal Behaviour 49: 181-186

Backwell PRY, Jennions MD, Christy J & Schobe U. 1995. Pillar-building in the fiddler crab Uca beebei: evidence for a condition-dependent ornament. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36: 185-192  (The original publication is available on LINK at http://link.springer.de/ Reproduced with permission of Springer-Verlag)

Polakow D, Backwell PRY, Caithness N, Jennions MD. 1995. Stabilising or directional selection in signalling systems: investigations in a population of painted reed frogs, Hyperolius marmoratus.  South African Journal of Science 91: 270-271  

Backwell PRY, Jennions MD. 1993. Mate choice in the Neotropical frog, Hyla ebraccata: sexual selection, mate recognition and signal selection. Animal Behaviour 45: 1248-1250

Jennions MD, Backwell PRY, Passmore NI. 1992. Breeding behaviour of the African frog, Chiromantis xerampelina: multiple spawning and polyandry. Animal Behaviour 44: 1091-1100

Jennions MD, Backwell PRY. 1992. Chorus size influences on the anti-predator behaviour of a Neotropical frog. Animal Behaviour 44: 990-992 (This material has been published in the above journal, the only definitive repository of the content that has been certified and accepted after peer review.  Copyright and all rights therein are retained by The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. This material may not be copied or reposted without explicit permission. For this and other articles go to http://www.idealibrary.com).

Backwell PRY & Passmore NI. 1991. Satellite behavior in the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicatus. Journal of Herpetology 25: 497-498 

Backwell PRY & Passmore NI. 1991. Sonic complexity and mate localization in the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicatus. Herpetologica 47: 226-229

Backwell PRY, Bishop PJ, Passmore NI. 1991. Anuran phonotaxis experiments - does the speaker affect accuracy? Journal of Herpetology 25: 231-232

Backwell PRY & Passmore NI. 1991. Advertisement calls and female phonotaxis in Natal dwarf Afrixalus. Journal of African Zoology 4: 275-280

Backwell PRY, Passmore NI. 1990. Aggressive interactions and inter-male spacing in choruses of the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicatus. S Afr J Zool 25: 133-137 

Backwell PRY & Passmore NI. 1990. Polyandry in the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicates. Herpetologica 46: 7-10 

Backwell PRY, Passmore NI. 1990. Suitable approach perches affect female phonotaxis in an arboreal frog. Herpetologica 46: 11-14 

Backwell PRY. 1988. Functional partitioning in the two-part call of the Leaf-Folding Frog, Afrixalus brachycnemis. Herpetologica 44: 1-7